P&I club

Αυτό το λήμμα δεν έχει μεταφραστεί ακόμη και εμφανίζεται στα αγγλικά.

A Protection and Indemnity (P&I) club is a mutual insurance association owned by its shipowner and charterer members. While hull & machinery insurance covers damage to the ship itself, P&I cover addresses third-party liabilities: injury and illness of crew and passengers, cargo loss and damage claims, pollution, wreck removal, collision liabilities not covered under hull policies, and fines.

Being mutuals, clubs charge members “calls” (premiums) that can be adjusted retrospectively if claims run high. The thirteen major clubs form the International Group of P&I Clubs, which collectively insures the large majority of world ocean-going tonnage and pools very large claims, buying reinsurance jointly on top of the pool — a structure that makes possible the multi-billion-dollar limits needed for casualties like major oil spills or wreck removals.

Clubs also provide members with claims handling, legal support, and a worldwide network of correspondents in ports. Pollution liability certificates (“blue cards”) issued by clubs underpin compulsory insurance requirements under IMO conventions such as the CLC and Bunker Convention.