Ναυτιλιακή εγκυκλοπαίδεια

Όροι και άρθρα για τη ναυτιλία, τις ναυλώσεις, τις λειτουργίες πλοίων, τη ναυτασφάλιση, τους οργανισμούς, τις αγορές και τις υποδομές.

Ελληνική ναυτιλίαΒιομηχανία
Πώς η Ελλάδα έγινε — και παραμένει — η μεγαλύτερη πλοιοκτήτρια δύναμη στον κόσμο, ελέγχοντας περίπου το ένα πέμπτο της παγκόσμιας χωρητικότητας.
Επισταλίες (Demurrage)Ναυλώσεις
Αποζημίωση που καταβάλλει ο ναυλωτής στον πλοιοκτήτη όταν η φόρτωση ή εκφόρτωση υπερβεί τον συμφωνημένο σταλιοχρόνο.
Σταλιοχρόνος (Laytime)Ναυλώσεις
Ο χρόνος που παρέχεται στον ναυλωτή, βάσει ναυλοσυμφώνου ταξιδίου, για φόρτωση και εκφόρτωση χωρίς πρόσθετη πληρωμή.
BallastΛειτουργίες
Water carried in dedicated tanks to keep an unladen ship stable, trimmed, and properly immersed.
Ballast water managementΚανονισμοί
The treatment of ballast water before discharge, required by the IMO's BWM Convention to prevent the spread of invasive species.
Baltic Dry Index (BDI)Εμπορικά
The Baltic Exchange's daily composite index of dry bulk freight rates, widely watched as an economic indicator.
Baltic ExchangeΟργανισμοί
The London institution whose freight-market indices — led by the Baltic Dry Index — benchmark world shipping.
Bill of ladingΕμπορικά
A document that acts as receipt for cargo, evidence of the contract of carriage, and document of title.
BunkersΛειτουργίες
A ship's fuel — and by extension the marine fuel market and the act of refuelling (bunkering).
CharterpartyΝαυλώσεις
The contract by which a shipowner lets a vessel, or its cargo capacity, to a charterer.
Classification societiesΟργανισμοί
The private technical institutions — DNV, Lloyd's Register, ABS and their peers — that set and verify the standards ships are built and maintained to.
Classification societyΚανονισμοί
An organization that sets technical standards for ship construction and maintenance and surveys ships against them.
ContainerizationΙστορία
How the standardized steel box remade world trade, ports, and the economics of moving goods by sea.
Deadweight tonnage (DWT)Τεχνικά
The total weight a ship can carry — cargo, fuel, stores, water, and crew — measured in tonnes.
Draft (draught)Τεχνικά
The vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of a ship's keel.
Dry bulkΕμπορικά
Unpackaged dry commodities — iron ore, coal, grain, and minor bulks — carried loose in the holds of bulk carriers.
Dry bulk shippingΑγορές
The market that carries iron ore, coal, and grain — shipping's purest boom-and-bust cycle.
Flag stateΚανονισμοί
The country in which a ship is registered, whose law governs the vessel and which is responsible for enforcing international standards aboard.
Flags of convenienceΚανονισμοί
Why most of the world fleet flies the flags of Panama, Liberia, and the Marshall Islands — and the debate around open registries.
FreeboardΤεχνικά
The height of a ship's deck above the waterline — the safety margin against flooding.
General averageΑσφάλιση
The ancient principle that sacrifices made to save a maritime venture are shared proportionally by ship and cargo interests alike.
Gross tonnage (GT)Τεχνικά
A unitless measure of a ship's total enclosed volume, used for regulation, manning, and fees.
IMO numberΚανονισμοί
A permanent seven-digit identity number that stays with a ship from build to scrapping, regardless of name or flag changes.
International Maritime OrganizationΟργανισμοί
The United Nations specialized agency responsible for the safety, security, and environmental performance of international shipping.
ISM CodeΚανονισμοί
The International Safety Management Code, requiring every operator to run a documented safety management system ashore and aboard.
LaycanΝαυλώσεις
The agreed window — laydays/cancelling — within which a chartered ship must arrive and be ready to load.
Letter of indemnity (LOI)Εμπορικά
An undertaking to hold the carrier harmless for acting outside the bill of lading — most often delivering cargo without the original document.
Maritime piracyΒιομηχανία
Piracy in the modern era — the Somali crisis, the Gulf of Guinea, Southeast Asia, and how shipping defends itself.
MARPOLΚανονισμοί
The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, covering oil, chemicals, sewage, garbage, and air emissions.
Notice of readiness (NOR)Ναυλώσεις
The shipowner's formal notification that the vessel has arrived and is ready to load or discharge — the trigger for laytime.
P&I clubΑσφάλιση
A mutual insurance association of shipowners covering third-party liabilities not insured under hull policies.
Panama CanalΥποδομές
The lock canal across the Isthmus of Panama linking the Atlantic and Pacific — and the origin of the "Panamax" ship size.
Port state control (PSC)Κανονισμοί
Inspection of foreign ships in national ports to verify compliance with international safety and environmental standards.
Ship registrationΚανονισμοί
How ships acquire nationality — registries, what registration confers, and how owners choose a flag.
ShipbrokerΕμπορικά
An intermediary who negotiates charters, sale and purchase deals, or newbuilding contracts between owners and their counterparties.
ShipbuildingΒιομηχανία
The global shipbuilding industry — how construction migrated to East Asia, and how China, Korea, and Japan divide the market today.
SOLASΚανονισμοί
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea — the core treaty governing merchant ship safety.
Suez CanalΥποδομές
The sea-level canal linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas — the shortest route between Europe and Asia and one of world trade's great chokepoints.
Tanker shippingΑγορές
The market that moves the world's oil — crude and product tankers, their size classes, and the forces that drive their volatile earnings.
TEUΕμπορικά
Twenty-foot equivalent unit — the standard measure of container capacity for ships, ports, and trade volumes.
VLCCΕμπορικά
Very Large Crude Carrier — a crude oil tanker of roughly 200,000–320,000 DWT, the workhorse of long-haul oil trades.
WorldscaleΝαυλώσεις
The standard index system for quoting tanker voyage freight rates as a percentage of a published flat rate per route.